Video Image Communication and Retrieval (.vicar)

The VICAR (Video Image Communication and Retrieval) file extension is a specialized raster image format developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Initially created in 1966, this format was designed to manage and process the extensive imaging data from NASA's unmanned planetary missions. VICAR files are engineered to store multi-dimensional scientific data, making them highly adaptable for various applications beyond space exploration, such as biomedical imaging and geological studies. The format supports diverse data types, including spectroscopic, hyperspectral, and radar imagery, which are crucial for detailed scientific analysis.

A VICAR file consists of two primary components: the "labels" and the "image area". The labels, located at the beginning and end of the file, contain metadata that describes the file's structure, the type of data it holds, and a history of the processing steps applied to the image. This metadata is essential for maintaining the integrity and usability of the data, providing context and documentation for each image. The image area, situated between the labels, stores the actual image data. This structure facilitates efficient storage and retrieval of complex imaging data, making VICAR a robust format for scientific research and analysis. The VICAR software system, which processes these files, is now available as open-source software, further enhancing its utility and accessibility to a broader range of scientific and research communities.